saxophone: single reed instrument common in jazzġ4 brass instruments Orchestral brasses (in order of range).In the 20th century, metal & plastic became common The longer the tube, the lower the pitch Holes along instrument change the length of the tube Main orchestral woodwinds and ranges: Woodwinds: single note instrument Sounds produced by blowing (player’s breath) mute Some string instruments not played with bow Guitar & harp use plectrum (small wedge pick)ġ3 woodwind instruments Traditionally, woodwinds were made of wood.bass (double bass) Common playing techniques.Shorter the string and tighter the tension, higher the pitch (& vice versa) Orchestral bowed instruments Western instruments: 6 broad categories string percussion woodwind keyboard brass electronic Made in different sizes for range variety Tone color may vary with the register Provide entertainment used for accompaniment Instruments’ popularity rises and falls with changing musical tastesġ2 string instruments Sound produced by vibrating tight cable Voices: unique ability to fuse words & musical tones Voice range is based on physical makeup & training Voice classifications Female Male soprano (highest) tenor mezzo-soprano baritone alto bass (lowest) Vocal music is frequently performed with instrumental accompanimentġ1 Musical instruments: any mechanism (other than voice) that produces musical sounds
Listen for: Tone colors Repeated note melody Improvised solos Muted brass instruments LISTENING C-Jam Blues (1942) Duke Ellingtonġ0 PERFORMING MEDIA: voices and instruments Note: Tone colors through instrumentation Dynamic contrasts LISTENING The Firebird, scene 2 (1910) Igor Stravinskyĩ Listen, then follow the listening outline to this selection in CONNECT MUSIC Helps focus attention on musical events as they occur Preceded by description of the music’s main features Listening Outline: points out notable musical sounds Vocal Music Guide: helps the listener follow the thought, story, or drama *Suggestion: While listening to one passage, look ahead to what is nextĨ Listen, then follow the listening outline to this selection in CONNECT MUSIC Changes in tone color create variety and contrast Tone colors add a sense of continuity Specific melodies with specific tone colors Unlimited variety of tone colors Composers frequently blend sounds of instruments to create new tone colors Modern electronic technique create new tone colorsħ listening outlines, vocal music guides, and properties of sound Related to amplitude of vibration producing sound Changes in dynamics may be sudden or gradual Accent: tone played louder than tones near it Italian terms used to indicate dynamics Extremes: ppp, pppp, fff, ffff Crescendo: gradually louder Decrescendo (diminuendo): gradually softerĦ tone color (timbre) Quality that identifies an instrument’s soundĬan be bright, dark, mellow, etc. Our world is filled with sounds Sounds can be pleasant or unpleasant Humans are able to focus on specific sounds We can ignore sounds that do not interest us Sound Begins as a result of vibrating object Transmitted through a medium: air Causes our eardrums to vibrate Impulses sent to brain for processing MUSIC: organization of sounds in time Four main categories of musical sounds ĭetermined by frequency of vibration Fast vibration = high pitch slow vibration = low pitch Generally, smaller vibrating objects = higher pitches In music, definite pitch is a tone Tones have specific frequencies e.g., 440 cycles (vibrations) per second = A) Irregular vibrations create sounds of indefinite pitch Interval: distance between 2 tones Octave: doubling/halving of frequency Tones an octave apart seem to blend together Western music divides octave into 12 tones Nonwestern music may divide into different number Range: distance between voice or instrument’s highest & lowest possible tones
active listening Perceptive listening enhances enjoyment Knowledge of musical elements enhances perception
Music an appreciation brief kamien 7th ed portable#
Provides entertainment and emotional release accompanies activities Heard everywhere in modern life Recorded music is a 20th-century innovation Internet access Portable audio Live performance: special excitement Experience affected by emotional state of both performer and audience Evaluating music performances Background music vs. 1 Music: An Appreciation, Brief, 8th edition | Roger Kamien
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