The project was headed by Sidney Gottlieb but began on the order of CIA director Allen Dulles on April 13, 1953.
Kinzer proposes evidence of the continuation of a Nazi agenda, citing the CIA's secret recruitment of Nazi torturers and vivisectionists to continue the experimentation on thousands of subjects, and Nazis brought to Fort Detrick, Maryland, to instruct CIA officers on the lethal uses of sarin gas. Kinzer wrote that MKUltra's use of mescaline on unwitting subjects was a practice that Nazi doctors had begun in the Dachau concentration camp. Other related cryptonyms include Project MKNAOMI and Project MKDELTA.Īccording to author Stephen Kinzer, the CIA project "was a continuation of the work begun in WWII-era Japanese facilities and Nazi concentration camps on subduing and controlling human minds". The project's CIA cryptonym is a combination of the digraph MK, indicating the sponsorship of the Technical Services Staff (TSS), and the word Ultra which formerly designated the most secret classification of World War II intelligence. Sidney Gottlieb approved of an MKUltra sub-project on LSD in this June 9, 1953, letter.
In December 2018, declassified documents revealed that the CIA made six dogs run, turn, and stop via remote control and brain implants as part of MKUltra. Some surviving information about MKUltra was declassified in July 2001.
In 1977, a Freedom of Information Act request uncovered a cache of 20,000 documents relating to MKUltra, which led to Senate hearings. Investigative efforts were hampered by CIA Director Richard Helms's order that all MKUltra files be destroyed in 1973 the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission investigations relied on the sworn testimony of direct participants and on the small number of documents that survived Helms's order. MKUltra was first brought to public attention in 1975 by the Church Committee of the United States Congress and Gerald Ford's United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States (also known as the Rockefeller Commission). The CIA operated using front organizations, although some top officials at these institutions were aware of the CIA's involvement. : 74 MKUltra's scope was broad, with activities carried out under the guise of research at more than 80 institutions, including colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, and pharmaceutical companies. and Canadian citizens as unwitting test subjects. The program engaged in illegal activities, including the use of U.S. It was organized through the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence and coordinated with the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories. It began in 1953, was reduced in scope in 19, and was halted in 1973. MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. MKUltra used numerous methods to manipulate its subjects' mental states and brain functions, such as the covert administration of high doses of psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, electroshocks, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, isolation, and verbal and sexual abuse, in addition to other forms of torture. The experiments were intended to develop procedures and identify drugs such as LSD that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture.
#ACID PRO 7 SERIAL NUMBER AND ACTIVATION CODE CODE#
Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra) was the code name of an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S.
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